详解如何通过tomcat的ManagerServlet远程部署项目

介绍

之前在邮政实习时，leader让我阅读tomcat的源代码，尝试自己实现远程部署项目的功能，于是便有了这此实践。

在Tomact中有一个Manager应用程序，它是用来管理已经部署的web应用程序，在这个应用程序中，ManagerServlet是他的主servlet，通过它我们可以获取tomcat的部分指标，远程管理web应用程序，不过这个功能会受到web应用程序部署中安全约束的保护。

当你请求ManagerServlet时，它会检查getPathInfo()返回的值以及相关的查询参数，以确定被请求的操作。它支持以下操作和参数(从servlet路径开始):

请求路径 描述 /deploy?config={config-url} 根据指定的path部署并启动一个新的web应用程序(详见源码) /deploy?config={config-url}&war={war-url}/ 根据指定的pat部署并启动一个新的web应用程序(详见源码) /deploy?path=/xxx&war={war-url} 根据指定的path部署并启动一个新的web应用程序(详见源码) /list 列出所有web应用程序的上下文路径。格式为path:status:sessions(活动会话数) /reload?path=/xxx 根据指定path重新加载web应用 /resources?type=xxxx 枚举可用的全局JNDI资源，可以限制指定的java类名 /serverinfo 显示系统信息和JVM信息 /sessions 此方法已过期 /expire?path=/xxx 列出path路径下的web应用的session空闲时间信息 /expire?path=/xxx&idle=mm Expire sessions for the context path /xxx which were idle for at least mm minutes. /sslConnectorCiphers 显示当前connector配置的SSL/TLS密码的诊断信息 /start?path=/xx 根据指定path启动web应用程序 /stop?path=/xxx 根据指定path关闭web应用程序 /threaddump Write a JVM thread dump /undeploy?path=/xxx 关闭并删除指定path的Web应用程序，然后删除底层WAR文件或文档基目录。

我们可以通过ManagerServlet中getPathInfo()提供的操作，将自己的项目远程部署到服务器上，下面将贴出我的实践代码，在实践它之前你只需要引入httpclient包和commons包。

封装统一的远程请求管理类

封装此类用于方便client请求ManagerServlet：

import java.io.File; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URLEncoder; import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils; import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils; import org.apache.http.Header; import org.apache.http.HttpHost; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.HttpStatus; import org.apache.http.auth.AuthScope; import org.apache.http.auth.Credentials; import org.apache.http.auth.UsernamePasswordCredentials; import org.apache.http.client.AuthCache; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpRequestBase; import org.apache.http.client.protocol.ClientContext; import org.apache.http.impl.auth.BasicScheme; import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicAuthCache; import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingClientConnectionManager; import org.apache.http.protocol.BasicHttpContext; public class TomcatManager { private static final String MANAGER_CHARSET = “UTF-8”; private String username; private URL url; private String password; private String charset; private boolean verbose; private DefaultHttpClient httpClient; private BasicHttpContext localContext; /** constructor */ public TomcatManager(URL url, String username) { this(url, username, “”); } public TomcatManager(URL url, String username, String password) { this(url, username, password, “ISO-8859-1”); } public TomcatManager(URL url, String username, String password, String charset) { this(url, username, password, charset, true); } public TomcatManager(URL url, String username, String password, String charset, boolean verbose) { this.url = url; this.username = username; this.password = password; this.charset = charset; this.verbose = verbose; // 创建网络请求相关的配置 PoolingClientConnectionManager poolingClientConnectionManager = new PoolingClientConnectionManager(); poolingClientConnectionManager.setMaxTotal(5); this.httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(poolingClientConnectionManager); if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(username)) { Credentials creds = new UsernamePasswordCredentials(username, password); String host = url.getHost(); int port = url.getPort() > -1 ? url.getPort() : AuthScope.ANY_PORT; httpClient.getCredentialsProvider().setCredentials(new AuthScope(host, port), creds); AuthCache authCache = new BasicAuthCache(); BasicScheme basicAuth = new BasicScheme(); HttpHost targetHost = new HttpHost(url.getHost(), url.getPort(), url.getProtocol()); authCache.put(targetHost, basicAuth); localContext = new BasicHttpContext(); localContext.setAttribute(ClientContext.AUTH_CACHE, authCache); } } /** 根据指定的path部署并启动一个新的应用程序 */ public TomcatManagerResponse deploy(String path, File war, boolean update) throws Exception { StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder(“/deploy”); buffer.append(“?path=”).append(URLEncoder.encode(path, charset)); if (war != null) { buffer.append(“&war=”).append(URLEncoder.encode(war.toString(), charset)); } if (update) { buffer.append(“&update=true”); } return invoke(buffer.toString()); } /** 获取所有已部署的web应用程序的上下文路径。格式为path:status:sessions(活动会话数) */ public TomcatManagerResponse list() throws Exception { StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder(“/list”); return invoke(buffer.toString()); } /** 获取系统信息和JVM信息 */ public TomcatManagerResponse serverinfo() throws Exception { StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder(“/serverinfo”); return invoke(buffer.toString()); } /** 真正发送请求的方法 */ private TomcatManagerResponse invoke(String path) throws Exception { HttpRequestBase httpRequestBase = new HttpGet(url + path); HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpRequestBase, localContext); int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(); switch (statusCode) { case HttpStatus.SC_OK: // 200 case HttpStatus.SC_CREATED: // 201 case HttpStatus.SC_ACCEPTED: // 202 break; case HttpStatus.SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY: // 301 case HttpStatus.SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY: // 302 case HttpStatus.SC_SEE_OTHER: // 303 String redirectUrl = getRedirectUrl(response); this.url = new URL(redirectUrl); return invoke(path); } return new TomcatManagerResponse().setStatusCode(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()) .setReasonPhrase(response.getStatusLine().getReasonPhrase()) .setHttpResponseBody(IOUtils.toString(response.getEntity().getContent())); } /** 提取重定向URL */ protected String getRedirectUrl(HttpResponse response) { Header locationHeader = response.getFirstHeader(“Location”); String locationField = locationHeader.getValue(); // is it a relative Location or a full ? return locationField.startsWith(“http”) ? locationField : url.toString() + / + locationField; } }

封装响应结果集

@Data public class TomcatManagerResponse { private int statusCode; private String reasonPhrase; private String httpResponseBody; }

测试远程部署

在测试之前请先在配置文件放通下面用户权限：

<role rolename=”admin-gui”/> <role rolename=”admin-script”/> <role rolename=”manager-gui”/> <role rolename=”manager-script”/> <role rolename=”manager-jmx”/> <role rolename=”manager-status”/> <user username=”sqdyy” password=”123456″ roles=”manager-gui,manager-script,manager-jmx,manager-status,admin-script,admin-gui”/>

下面是测试成功远程部署war包的代码：

import static org.testng.AssertJUnit.assertEquals; import java.io.File; import java.net.URL; import org.testng.annotations.Test; public class TestTomcatManager { @Test public void testDeploy() throws Exception { TomcatManager tm = new TomcatManager(new URL(“http://localhost:8080/manager/text”), “sqdyy”, “123456”); File war = new File(“E:\tomcat\simple-war-project-1.0-SNAPSHOT.war”); TomcatManagerResponse response = tm.deploy(“/simple-war-project-1.0-SNAPSHOT”, war, true); System.out.println(response.getHttpResponseBody()); assertEquals(200, response.getStatusCode()); // output: // OK – Deployed application at context path /simple-war-project-1.0-SNAPSHOT } @Test public void testList() throws Exception { TomcatManager tm = new TomcatManager(new URL(“http://localhost:8080/manager/text”), “sqdyy”, “123456”); TomcatManagerResponse response = tm.list(); System.out.println(response.getHttpResponseBody()); assertEquals(200, response.getStatusCode()); // output: // OK – Listed applications for virtual host localhost // /:running:0:ROOT // /simple-war-project-1.0-SNAPSHOT:running:0:simple-war-project-1.0-SNAPSHOT // /examples:running:0:examples // /host-manager:running:0:host-manager // /manager:running:0:manager // /docs:running:0:docs } @Test public void testServerinfo() throws Exception { TomcatManager tm = new TomcatManager(new URL(“http://localhost:8080/manager/text”), “sqdyy”, “123456”); TomcatManagerResponse response = tm.serverinfo(); System.out.println(response.getHttpResponseBody()); assertEquals(200, response.getStatusCode()); // output: // OK – Server info // Tomcat Version: Apache Tomcat/7.0.82 // OS Name: Windows 10 // OS Version: 10.0 // OS Architecture: amd64 // JVM Version: 1.8.0_144-b01 // JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation } }

参考资料

ManagerServlet 源码地址

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