使用shell脚本一键部署LNMP架构的方法

LNMP架构介绍

LNMP：Linux系统下Nginx+MySQL+PHP这种网站服务器架构。Nginx是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器，也是一个IMAP/POP3/SMTP代理服务器。Mysql是一个小型关系型数据库管理系统。PHP是一种在服务器端执行的嵌入HTML文档的脚本语言。

原理：浏览器发送http request请求到服务器（Nginx）,服务器响应并处理web请求，将一些静态资源（CSS，图片，视频等）保存服务器上，然后将php脚本通过接口传输协议（网关协议）PHP-FCGI（fast-cgi）传输给PHP-FPM（进程管理程序）,PHP-FPM不做处理，然后PHP-FPM调用PHP解析器进程，PHP解析器解析php脚本信息。PHP解析器进程可以启动多个，进行并发执行。然后将解析后的脚本返回到PHP-FPM，PHP-FPM再通过fast-cgi的形式将脚本信息传送给Nginx.服务器再通过Http response的形式传送给浏览器。浏览器再进行解析与渲染然后进行呈现。

下面给大家介绍下使用shell脚本一键部署LNMP架构的方法，脚本如下所示：

#/bin/bash ##将需要的安装包传到/opt目录下，并关闭防火墙 systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld &>/dev/null setenforce 0 ###############Nginx############### ##先挂载，再安装依赖包 df -h | grep /mnt if [ $? -ne 0 ];then mount /dev/cdrom /mnt &>/dev/null fi yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make ##创建运行用户、组（Nginx服务程序默认以nobody身份运行，建议为其创建专门的用户账号，以便更准确的控制其访问权限） useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx ##编译安装 cd /opt tar zxvf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz cd nginx-1.12.0/ ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/nginx –user=nginx –group=nginx –with-http_stub_status_module make -j 2 && make install ##优化配置文件路径，并把nginx服务的可执行程序文件放入路径环境变量的目录中便于系统识别 ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin ##添加Nginx系统服务 cat > /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service <<EOF [Unit] Description=nginx After=network.target [Service] Type=forking PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx ExecReload=/bin/kill -1 $MAINPID ExecStop=/bin/kill -3 $MAINPID PrivateTmp=true [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF ##修改文件权限 chmod 754 /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service systemctl start nginx.service systemctl enable nginx.service &>/dev/null ###############MySQL############### ##安装MySQL环境依赖包 yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake ##创建运行用户 useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql ##编译安装 cd /opt tar zxvf mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz cd /opt/mysql-5.7.20 cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DWITH_BOOST=boost -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1 make -j 2 && make install ##修改mysql配置文件 cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF [client] port = 3306 socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock [mysqld] user = mysql basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data port = 3306 character-set-server=utf8 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock bind-address = 0.0.0.0 skip-name-resolve max_connections=2048 default-storage-engine=INNODB max_allowed_packet=16M server-id = 1 sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES EOF ##更改mysql安装目录和配置文件的属主属组 chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/ chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf ##设置路径环境变量 echo export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH >> /etc/profile source /etc/profile ##初始化数据化 cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/ ./mysqld –initialize-insecure –user=mysql –basedir=/usr/local/mysql –datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data ##添加mysqld系统服务 cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/ systemctl daemon-reload systemctl start mysqld.service systemctl enable mysqld &>/dev/null ##添加mysql的登录密码 function mima { passwd=$1 /usr/bin/expect <<-EOF spawn mysqladmin -u root -p password $passwd expect “Enter” {send “n”} expect eof EOF } mima “abc123” ##授权远程登录 function qwe { /usr/bin/expect <<-EOF spawn mysql -u root -p expect “Enter” {send “abc123n”} expect “mysql” {send “grant all privileges on *.* to root@% identified by abc123;n”} expect “mysql” {send “flush privileges;n”} expect “mysql” {send “show databases;n”} expect “mysql” {send “quitn”} expect eof EOF } qwe ###############PHP############### ##安装环境依赖包 yum -y install gd libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel curl curl-devel openssl openssl-devel ##编译安装 cd /opt tar jxvf php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 cd ./php-7.1.10/ ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/php –with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock –with-mysqli –with-zlib –with-curl –with-gd –with-jpeg-dir –with-png-dir –with-freetype-dir –with-openssl –enable-fpm –enable-mbstring –enable-xml –enable-session –enable-ftp –enable-pdo –enable-tokenizer –enable-zip make -j 2 && make install ##路径优化 ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/* /usr/local/bin/ ln -s /usr/local/php/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/ ##调整PHP配置文件 ##PHP有三个配置文件 ##php.ini（主配置文件） cp /opt/php-7.1.10/php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini sed -i 1170c mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini sed -i 939c date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini php -m ##php-fpm.conf（进程服务配置文件） cd /usr/local/php/etc cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf sed -i 17c pid = run/php-fpm.pid /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf ##www.conf（扩展配置文件） cd /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d cp www.conf.default www.conf ##启动php-fpm cd /usr/local/php/sbin/ php-fpm -c /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini ##配置Nginx支持PHP解析 sed -i 65c location ~ .php$ { /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf sed -i 66c root html; /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf sed -i 67c fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf sed -i 68c fastcgi_index index.php; /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf sed -i 69c fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name; /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf sed -i 70c include fastcgi_params; /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf sed -i 71c } /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf ##验证PHP测试页和验证数据库工作是否正常 cat > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php <<EOF <?php phpinfo(); ?> EOF