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linux下命令行安装Oracle 11g数据库
1、准备：
本次安装的基本环境：vmware中安装centos6.10（虚拟机安装这里就不做介绍了）
虚拟机要求：内存推荐2G以上
需要下载Linux版本下对应的oracle安装包：
下载地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html
对应的oracle版本：
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
2、机器基础配置修改
（1）设置系统：Oracle只支持操作系统Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6，故需将/etc/redhat-release中的内容改成Red Hat
[root@Oracle ~]# vi /etc/redhat-release #CentOS release 6.10 (Final) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6（2）机器信息关闭，selinux，防火墙的不必要的服务
[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config //selinux关闭（disabled） # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing – SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive – SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled – No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=disabled # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values: # targeted – Targeted processes are protected, # mls – Multi Level Security protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted [root@Oracle ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop //防火墙关闭 [root@Oracle ~]# vi /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomAIn localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.152.130 Oracle //新增行：IP 机器名（这是我的ip和主机名）（3）修改用户的限制文件
[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf //在该文件内添加以下内容 oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240（4）修改内核参数
[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf //在文件中添加以下内容 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 10523004 kernel.shmmax = 6465333657 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100128 net.core.rmem_default=262144 net.core.wmem_default=262144 net.core.rmem_max=4194304 net.core.wmem_max=1048576 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 [root@Oracle ~]# sysctl –p // 执行这条语句使配置生效（5）依赖包安装
[root@Oracle ~]# yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc*.i686 glibc glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libgcc*.i686 libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.i686 libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686 libXp3、建立用户、组，安装目录
（1）建立用户、组
[root@Oracle ~]# groupadd oinstall [root@Oracle ~]# groupadd dba [root@Oracle ~]# groupadd oper [root@Oracle ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle [root@Oracle ~]# echo “oracle” | passwd –stdin oracle [root@Oracle ~]# id oracle //查看用户所属组 uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper)（2）新建安装目录
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app [root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle [root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product [root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0 [root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 [root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/backup [root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/oraInventory [root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /var/app [root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/backup [root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oraInventory [root@Oracle ~]# chmod -R 775 /var/app（3）设置并刷新环境变量
[root@Oracle ~]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile //给该文件添加以下内容 umask 022 export ORACLE_BASE=/var/app export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 export ORACLE_SID=ora11g export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib [root@Oracle ~]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile //执行该句使配置生效4、安装Oracle
（1）拷贝Oracle安装文件到指定目录
[root@Oracle ~]# cp linux.x64_11gR2_database_*.zip /var/app/oracle/（2）切换到oracle用户，解压安装包
[root@Oracle ~]# su – oracle [oracle@Oracle ~]$ cd /var/app/oracle/ [oracle@Oracle oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip [oracle@Oracle oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip解压后得到database目录，其中response目录里面有三个rsp文件，用来作为静默安装时应答文件的模板。分别为：
[oracle@Oracle response]$ ls -l total 76 -rw-rw-r– 1 oracle oinstall 44960 Aug 8 17:10 dbca.rsp //安装应答 -rw-rw-r– 1 oracle oinstall 22752 Aug 8 14:23 db_install.rsp //创建数据库应答 -rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall 5740 Feb 26 2009 netca.rsp //建立监听，本地服务名等网络设置（5）修改配置文件，安装Oracle数据库
[oracle@Oracle database]$ cp /var/app/oracle/database/response/ /home/oracle/ //备份（6）修改后的静默安装配置文件db_install.rsp内容如下：
[root@db response]# cat db_install.rsp | grep -v ^# | grep -v ^$ oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0 oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY ORACLE_HOSTNAME=db UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/var/app/oracle/oraInventory SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN ORACLE_HOME=/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 ORACLE_BASE=/var/app/oracle oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0 oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=ora11g oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=ora11g oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1500 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation= oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup= oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword= MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME= MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD= SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT= DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true PROXY_HOST= PROXY_PORT= PROXY_USER= PROXY_PWD=（7）开始静默安装
[oracle@Oracle database]$ cd /var/app/oracle/database [oracle@Oracle database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /var/app/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp（8）查看安装进度
[oracle@Oracle database]$ cd /var/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs [oracle@Oracle logs]$ tail -f installActions*log（9）当出现以下信息时
var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh To execute the configuration scripts: 1. Open a terminal window 2. Log in as “root” 3. Run the scripts 4. Return to this window and hit “Enter” key to continue Successfully Setup Software.打开新的客户端使用root身份执行以下脚本
[root@Oracle ~]# var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh [root@Oracle ~]# var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh（10）执行完上面的脚本后回到安装界面按下Enter继续。
5、配置Oracle监听
（1）运行监听文件
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ cd /var/app/oracle/database/response [oracle@Oracle response]$ netca /silent /responsefile /var/app/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp运行成功之后，在/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin目录下会生成sqlnet.ora和listener.ora两个文件
[oracle@Oracle admin]$ ls listener.ora samples shrept.lst sqlnet.ora tnsnames.ora执行以下命令查看监听器是否已经在1521端口上开始工作了
[root@Oracle ~]# netstat -tlnp | grep 1521 tcp 0 0 :::1521 :::* LISTEN 1792/tnslsnr如果监听没有启动，则手动启动监听器
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ lsnrctl start（2）配置Oracle数据库
[oracle@Oracle response]$ pwd /var/app/oracle/database/response [oracle@Oracle response]$ vi dbca.rsp GDBNAME = “orcl11.us.oracle.com” //78 行 全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名 SID=”ora11g” //149行 SID SYSPASSWORD = “oracle” //190行 SYSTEMPASSWORD = “oracle” //200行 CHARACTERSET=”AL32UTF8″ //415行 编码 NATIONALCHARACTERSET=”UTF8″ //425行 编码（3）创建数据库
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /var/app/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp6、启动数据库
进入Oracle SQL命令行
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL> startup ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters LRM-00109: could not open parameter file /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initora11g.ora启动时会出现以上错误，解决方法如下：找到init.ora.78201817526文件，将其复制到/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs目录下
[oracle@Oracle admin]$ locate init.ora //定位寻找目标文件 /var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/init.ora.78201817526 //目标文件 /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/init.ora /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/srvm/admin/init.ora [oracle@Oracle admin]$ cd /var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/ [oracle@Oracle pfile]$ ls init.ora.78201817526 [oracle@Oracle pfile]$ cp init.ora.78201817526 /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/ [oracle@Oracle dbs]$ mv init.ora.78201817526 initora11g.ora //将目标文件改成所需文件名进入到Oracle SQL命令行中，执行startup
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Aug 10 01:59:43 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 – 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> startup //启动数据库实例 ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 839282688 bytes Fixed Size 2217992 bytes Variable Size 494929912 bytes Database Buffers 339738624 bytes Redo Buffers 2396160 bytes Database mounted. Database opened.**** 参考文章：
https://blog.csdn.net/JIANG123456T/article/details/77745892
https://blog.csdn.net/zxx2403/article/details/46594597
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