(1) os.system
仅仅在一个子终端运行系统命令,而不能获取命令执行后的返回信息
复制代码代码如下:
system(command) -> exit_status
Execute the command (a string) in a subshell.
如果再命令行下执行,结果直接打印出来
复制代码代码如下:
>>> os.system(ls)
04101419778.CHM bash document media py-django video
11.wmv books downloads Pictures python
all-20061022 Desktop Examples project tools
(2) os.popen
该方法不但执行命令还返回执行后的信息对象
复制代码代码如下:
popen(command [, mode=r [, bufsize]]) -> pipe
Open a pipe to/from a command returning a file object.
例如:
复制代码代码如下:
>>>tmp = os.popen(ls *.py).readlines()
>>>tmp
Out[21]:
[dump_db_pickle.py ,
dump_db_pickle_recs.py ,
dump_db_shelve.py ,
initdata.py ,
__init__.py ,
make_db_pickle.py ,
make_db_pickle_recs.py ,
make_db_shelve.py ,
peopleinteract_query.py ,
reader.py ,
testargv.py ,
teststreams.py ,
update_db_pickle.py ,
writer.py ]
好处在于:将返回的结果赋于一变量,便于程序的处理。(3) 使用模块 subprocess
代码如下:
>>> import subprocess
>>> subprocess.call([“cmd”, “arg1”, “arg2”],shell=True)
获取返回和输出:
复制代码代码如下:
import subprocess
p = subprocess.Popen(ls, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
for line in p.stdout.readlines():
print line,
retval = p.wait()
(4) 使用模块 commands
代码如下:
>>> import commands
>>> dir(commands)
[__all__, __builtins__, __doc__, __file__, __name__, getoutput, getstatus,getstatusoutput, mk2arg, mkarg]
>>> commands.getoutput(“date”)
Wed Jun 10 19:39:57 CST 2009
>>>
>>> commands.getstatusoutput(“date”)
(0, Wed Jun 10 19:40:41 CST 2009)
注意: 当执行命令的参数或者返回中包含了中文文字,那么建议使用subprocess,如果使用os.popen则会出现下面的错误:
复制代码代码如下:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File “./test1.py”, line 56, inmain()
File “./test1.py”, line 45, in main
fax.sendFax()
File “./mailfax/Fax.py”, line 13, in sendFax
os.popen(cmd)
UnicodeEncodeError: ascii codec cant encode characters in position 46-52: ordinal not inrange(128)
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