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目录docker 中的三大基本概念镜像容器仓库docker 镜像相关命令常用镜像仓库搜索镜像拉取镜像查看当前系统上的有哪些镜像获取镜像的详细信息登录镜像仓库为镜像标签镜像上传镜像的删除清空镜像查看镜像历史(镜像的构建历史)保存镜像(commit)保存镜像(import/export)保存镜像(save/load)保存镜像三种方式的区别
docker 中的三大基本概念
镜像
镜像就是启动一个容器的模板。
容器
容器就是对外提供服务的进程。或者容器就是镜像启动起来的一个实例。
仓库
仓库是用来存放镜像的地方。
docker 镜像相关命令
常用镜像仓库
官方仓库:hub.docker.com
自己的私有仓库:Harbor
阿里云私有仓库:registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com搜索镜像
#格式 docker search [镜像名称] # 实例拉取镜像
# 格式 docker pull [镜像名称] # 实例 [root@Centos7 ~]# docker pull redis Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/redis # 镜像层 a076a628af6f: Already exists f40dd07fe7be: Pull complete ce21c8a3dbee: Pull complete ee99c35818f8: Pull complete 56b9a72e68ff: Pull complete 3f703e7f380f: Pull complete # 镜像ID号(镜像ID号是全球唯一) Digest: sha256:0f97c1c9daf5b69b93390ccbe8d3e2971617ec4801fd0882c72bf7cad3a13494 # 镜像下载状态 Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:latest # 镜像的全称(镜像的tag) docker.io/library/redis:latest查看当前系统上的有哪些镜像
# 格式 docker images 或者 docker image ls # 参数 -q : 只显示镜像ID [root@Centos7 ~]# docker images -q 621ceef7494a f6d0b4767a6c获取镜像的详细信息
# 格式 docker inspect [镜像名称或镜像ID] # 参数 -f : 格式化输出 [root@Centos7 ~]# docker inspect -f {{.Id}} 621ceef7494a sha256:621ceef7494adfcbe0e523593639f6625795cc0dc91a750629367a8c7b3ccebb [root@Centos7 ~]# docker inspect -f {{.ContainerConfig.Hostname}} redis 16535cfaf84a登录镜像仓库
# 格式 docker login 注: 默认情况下,docker login登录的是官方仓库,如果登录其他镜像仓库则需要指定镜像仓库的URL连接。 # 实例 [root@Centos7 ~]# docker login registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com Username: yangyang091022 Password: WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json. Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store Login Succeeded [root@Centos7 ~]# cat ~/.docker/config.json { “auths”: { “registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com”: { “auth”: “eWFuZ3lhbmcwOTEwMjI6Y2hlbjE4NzkwMDcwODMw” } } } # 参数 –username|-u : 指定用户名 –password|-p : 指定密码为镜像标签
# 镜像标签的构成 docker.io/library/redis:latest docker.io : 镜像仓库的URL library :镜像仓库命名空间 redis : 镜像名称 latest : 镜像版本号 # 打标签 # 格式 docker tag [镜像ID] 镜像标签 [root@Centos7 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE redis latest 621ceef7494a 2 months ago 104MB nginx latest f6d0b4767a6c 2 months ago 133MB [root@Centos7 ~]# docker tag 621ceef7494a registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/alvinos/redis:v2 [root@Centos7 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE redis latest 621ceef7494a 2 months ago 104MB registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/alvinos/redis v2 621ceef7494a 2 months ago 104MB nginx latest f6d0b4767a6c 2 months ago 133MB镜像上传
# 格式 docker push [镜像标签] # 注:要想上传镜像,首先得登录镜像仓库,其次设置对应镜像仓库的tag [root@Centos7 ~]# docker push registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/alvinos/redis:v2 The push refers to repository [registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/alvinos/redis] 3480f9cdd491: Pushed a24a292d0184: Pushed f927192cc30c: Pushed 1450b8f0019c: Pushed 8e14cb7841fa: Pushed cb42413394c4: Pushed v2: digest: sha256:7ef832c720188ac7898dbd8d1e237b0738e94f94fc7e981cb7b8efe84555e892 size: 1572镜像的删除
# 格式 docker rmi [镜像名称或者镜像ID] # 实例 [root@Centos7 ~]# docker rmi nginx # 参数 -f : 强制删除 [root@Centos7 ~]# docker rmi -f nginx Untagged: nginx:latest Untagged: nginx@sha256:10b8cc432d56da8b61b070f4c7d2543a9ed17c2b23010b43af434fd40e2ca4aa # 注:当有容器正在使用镜像时,强制删除镜像,只能删除镜像的所有tag, 不会删除镜像。清空镜像
# 格式 docker image prune # 实例 [root@Centos7 ~]# docker image prune WARNING! This will remove all dangling images. Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y Total reclaimed space: 0B # 参数 -a : 删除所有镜像 [root@Centos7 ~]# docker image prune -a WARNING! This will remove all images without at least one container associated to them. Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y Deleted Images: untagged: redis:latest untagged: redis@sha256:0f97c1c9daf5b69b93390ccbe8d3e2971617ec4801fd0882c72bf7cad3a13494 untagged: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/alvinos/redis:v2 untagged: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/alvinos/redis@sha256:7ef832c720188ac7898dbd8d1e237b0738e94f94fc7e981cb7b8efe84555e892 deleted: sha256:621ceef7494adfcbe0e523593639f6625795cc0dc91a750629367a8c7b3ccebb deleted: sha256:de66cfbf4712b8ba9ef292e08ef7487be26d9d21b350548e400ae351405d820e deleted: sha256:79b2381e35429e8fc04d31b3445f069c22d288bf5c4cba7b7c10004ff78ae201 deleted: sha256:1d047d19be363b00139990d4d7f392dabdb0809dbc9d0fbe67c1f15b8caed27a deleted: sha256:8c41f4e708c37059df28ae1cabc200a6db2fee45bd3a2cadcf70f2765bb68730 deleted: sha256:b51317bef36fe1900be48402c8a41fcd9cdb6b8950c10209f764473cb8323371 Total reclaimed space: 35.04MB [root@Centos7 ~]#查看镜像历史(镜像的构建历史)
# 格式 docker history [镜像ID或镜像名称] # 实例 [root@Centos7 ~]# docker history alpine IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT 7731472c3f2a 2 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD [“/bin/sh”] 0B <missing> 2 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:edbe213ae0c825a5b… 5.61MB保存镜像(commit)
# 保存正在运行的容器直接为镜像 # 格式: docker commit [容器ID|容器名称] # 实例 [root@Centos7 ~]# docker commit -a “Alvin” -m “这是一个docker镜像” -p be3b92e2886b test:v1 sha256:4a06cd2af42877b5e2908073061f7ae1bf9e308a470bdfc0c6f906ef368aaed8 [root@Centos7 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE test v1 4a06cd2af428 5 seconds ago 104MB保存镜像(import/export)
# 保存正在运行的容器为镜像压缩包 ## 保存容器为镜像 docker export [容器的ID] > [包名称] # 实例 [root@Centos7 ~]# docker export be3b92e2886b > redis.tar [root@Centos7 ~]# ll | grep redis -rw-r–r–. 1 root root 104178688 Mar 18 17:30 redis.tar ## docker import [包名称] [自定义镜像名称] # 实例 [root@Centos7 ~]# docker import redis.tar test:v3 sha256:7776db3402fb8d59f6121a3b1977b5e7016f4064cf59218fd1b06637cb0fca87 [root@Centos7 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE test v3 7776db3402fb 6 seconds ago 101MB保存镜像(save/load)
# 保存镜像为压缩包 # 保存镜像的格式: docker save [镜像名称|镜像ID] > [包名称] [root@Centos7 ~]# docker save 7731472c3f2a > apline.tar [root@Centos7 ~]# ll -rw-r–r–. 1 root root 5888000 Mar 18 17:36 apline.tar [root@Centos7 ~]# docker save -o apline-two.tar 7731472c3f2a [root@Centos7 ~]# ll total 148692 -rw-r–r–. 1 root root 5888000 Mar 18 17:36 apline.tar -rw——-. 1 root root 5888000 Mar 18 17:37 apline-two.tar # 导入镜像的格式: docker load < [包名称] [root@Centos7 ~]# docker load < apline.tar c04d1437198b: Loading layer [========================================>] 5.88MB/5.88MB Loaded image ID: sha256:7731472c3f2a25edbb9c085c78f42ec71259f2b83485aa60648276d408865839 [root@Centos7 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE <none> <none> 7731472c3f2a 2 months ago 5.61MB # 注:save/load保存镜像无法自定义镜像名称,save保存镜像时如果使用ID保存则load导入镜像无名称,使用名称导入时才有名称。 [root@Centos7 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE busybox latest b97242f89c8a 2 months ago 1.23MB [root@Centos7 ~]# docker save busybox:latest > busybox.tar [root@Centos7 ~]# ll total 150120 -rw-r–r–. 1 root root 1459200 Mar 18 17:43 busybox.tar [root@Centos7 ~]# docker rmi b97242f89c8a Untagged: busybox:latest Untagged: busybox@sha256:c5439d7db88ab5423999530349d327b04279ad3161d7596d2126dfb5b02bfd1f Deleted: sha256:b97242f89c8a29d13aea12843a08441a4bbfc33528f55b60366c1d8f6923d0d4 Deleted: sha256:0064d0478d0060343cb2888ff3e91e718f0bffe9994162e8a4b310adb2a5ff74 [root@Centos7 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE [root@Centos7 ~]# docker load < busybox.tar 0064d0478d00: Loading layer [==================================================>] 1.45MB/1.45MB Loaded image: busybox:latest [root@Centos7 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE busybox latest b97242f89c8a 2 months ago 1.23MB保存镜像三种方式的区别
1、export保存的镜像体积要小于save(save保存更完全,export保存会丢掉一些不必要的数据)
2、export可以重命名镜像名称而save则不行
3、save可以同时保存多个镜像而export则不行
以上就是docker镜像的拉取登陆上传及保存等相关使用命令的详细内容,更多关于docker镜像拉取登陆上传保存等使用命令的资料请关注其它相关文章!
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