镜像下载、域名解析、时间同步请点击 阿里云开源镜像站
请注意k8s在1.24版本不支持docker容器,本文使用kubeadm进行搭建
1.查看系统版本信息以及修改配置信息
1.1 安装k8s时,临时关闭swap ,如果不关闭在执行kubeadm部分命令会报错
swapoff -a或直接注释swap(需要重启生效)
[root@hhdcloudrd7 /]# cat /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Tue Apr 19 11:43:17 2022 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under /dev/disk # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/centos_hhdcloudrd6-root / xfs defaults 0 0 UUID=13a8fe45-33c8-4258-a434-133ce183d3c3 /boot xfs defaults 0 0 #/dev/mapper/centos_hhdcloudrd6-swap swap swap defaults 0 01.2 安装k8s时,可以临时关闭selinux,减少额外配置
setenforce 0或修改 /etc/sysconfig/selinux 文件 后重启
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/sysconfig/selinux # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing – SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive – SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled – No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=disabled # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values: # targeted – Targeted processes are protected, # minimum – Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. # mls – Multi Level Security protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted1.3 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld1.4 启用 bridge-nf-call-iptables 预防网络问题
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables1.5 设置网桥参数
cat << EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 EOF1.6 修改hosts文件 方便查看域名映射
[root@hhdcloudrd7 /]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.34.7 k8s-master 192.168.5.129 k8s-node1 192.168.34.8 k8s-node21.7 查看系统版本信息 修改hostname
[root@localhost /]# hostnamectl Static hostname: localhost.localdomain Icon name: computer-vm Chassis: vm Machine ID: 5c2c4826a7cd442a85c37d3b4dba39e0 Boot ID: 3f70bab69c37412da8eada29d50cc12c Virtualization: vmware Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core) CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7 Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64 Architecture: x86-64 hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node1 su root1.8 查看cpu信息 k8s安装至少需要2核2G的环境,否则会安装失败
lscpu2. 安装docker
进入查看docker基础
2.1 使用阿里云安装
curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | bash -s docker –mirror Aliyun2.2 修改docker的 /etc/docker/daemon.json文件
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json { “registry-mirrors”: [“https://t81qmnz6.mirror.aliyuncs.com”], “exec-opts”: [“native.cgroupdriver=systemd”] }2.3 修改完成后 重启docker ,使docker与kubelet的cgroup 驱动一致
systemctl daemon-reload systemctl restart docker systemctl enable docker2.4 查看kubelet驱动
cat /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml |grep group3.安装kubeadm kubelet kubectl
3.1 配置k8s下载资源配置文件
cat >> /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo < EOF [kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 repo_gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg EOF3.2 安装 kubelet kubeadm kubectl
yum install -y –nogpgcheck kubelet-1.23.5 kubeadm-1.23.5 kubectl-1.23.5 kubelet :运行在cluster,负责启动pod管理容器kubeadm :k8s快速构建工具,用于初始化clusterkubectl :k8s命令工具,部署和管理应用,维护组件3.2.1 查看是否安装成功
kubelet –version kubectl version kubeadm version3.3 启动kubelet
systemctl daemon-reload systemctl start kubelet systemctl enable kubelet3.4 拉取init-config配置 并修改配置
ps. init-config 主要是由 api server、etcd、scheduler、controller-manager、coredns等镜像构成
kubeadm config print init-defaults > init-config.yaml3.4.1 修改 刚才拉取的init-config.yaml文件
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers [root@localhost /]# cat init-config.yaml apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3 bootstrapTokens: – groups: – system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef ttl: 24h0m0s usages: – signing – authentication kind: InitConfiguration localAPIEndpoint: advertiseAddress: 192.168.34.7 #master节点IP地址 bindPort: 6443 nodeRegistration: criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent name: master #master节点node的名称 taints: null — apiServer: timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3 certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki clusterName: kubernetes controllerManager: {} dns: {} etcd: local: dataDir: /var/lib/etcd imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers #修改为阿里云地址 kind: ClusterConfiguration kubernetesVersion: 1.23.0 networking: dnsDomain: cluster.local serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12 scheduler: {}3.5 拉取k8s相关镜像
kubeadm config images pull –config=init-config.yaml多次尝试都是超时,上网时找了很多方法依旧不行,之后找到一个命令可以查看需要拉取的镜像
使用下边的命令可以查看 需要拉取的镜像
[root@localhost /]# kubeadm config images list –config init-config.yaml registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.23.0 registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.23.0 registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.23.0 registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.23.0 registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6 registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.5.3-0 registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.8.6同理可得 以下脚本
#!/bin/bash images=`kubeadm config images list –config init-config.yaml` if [[ -n ${images} ]] then echo “开始拉取镜像” for i in ${images}; do echo $i docker pull $i; done else echo “没有可拉取的镜像” fi最终拉取镜像成功 注意我图片上是1.24版本 这个版本不支持docker容器 给大家提个醒
3.6 运行kubeadm init安装master节点 主要两种方法 2选一即可
主要是初始化master节点 其他node节点通过 kubeadm join 进来
#方法一 kubeadm init –config=init-config.yaml #方法二 kubeadm init –apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.34.7 –apiserver-bind-port=6443 –pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 –service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 –kubernetes-version=1.23.5 –image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers推荐使用第二种方法,我在使用第一种方法时候遇到了网络插件pod启动失败导致corndns的pod也创建失败的情况,我是用的是kube-flannel,他的状态一直是CrashLoopBackOff 经过查看log信息,需要去
/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml下增加这两条信息–allocate-node-cidrs=true –cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16下载完成后可以看到这个界面
ps. 如果下载失败执行 kubeadm reset ,重新执行kubeadm init
之前有使用kubeadm安装过,需要提前把之前的kube文件删除掉
rm -rf $HOME/.kube在master节点运行以下三行命令 执行完成后可以通过 kubeadm token list获取token
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config如果是使用1.24版本需要安装对应的CRI容器要不然就会报这个错误
[ERROR CRI]: container runtime is not running: output: time=“2022-05-19T16:02:33+08:00” level=fatal msg=“getting status of runtime: rpc error: code = Unimplemented desc = unknown service runtime.v1alpha2.RuntimeService”
, error: exit status 13.7 查看token信息 以及生成 永久token
3.7.1 查看存在的token
kubeadm token list3.7.2 生成永久token
kubeadm token create –ttl 03.7.3 生成 Master 节点的 ca 证书 sha256 编码 hash 值
openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed s/^.* //3.7.4 在node节点 执行加入master命令
kubeadm join 192.168.34.7:6443 –token abcdef.0123456789abcdef –discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:d06b56614f1fcbf3e852bc440ab96a9c8846f7b2f1efd740fe320dc22705f4853.7.5 在master节点查看 加入的node节点 或删除节点
kubectl get nodes kubectl delete nodes 节点名称3.7.6 master节点删除node节点后,node节点再次加入需要在node节点执行 kubeadm reset
3.7.7 部署网络插件 kube-flannel.yml 并 应用获取运行中容器
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml3.7.8 或使用 weave 网络插件 和 kube-flannel 2选一就可以
wget http://static.corecore.cn/weave.v2.8.1.yaml kubectl apply -f weave.v2.8.1.yaml3.8 查看kubelet日志
journalctl -xefu kubelet3.9 kubernetes中文文档
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