Apache Tomcat服务部署网站的项目实践

Tomcat是Apache软件基金会的Jakarta项目中的一个核心项目,由Apache、Sun 和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成.由于有了Sun的参与和支持,最新的Servlet和JSP规范总是能在Tomcat中得到体现,因为Tomcat 技术先进、性能稳定,而且免费,因而深受Java爱好者的喜爱并得到了部分软件开发商的认可,成为目前比较流行的Web应用服务器.

Tomcat环境搭建

1.由于Tomcat使用Java开发,所以应该下载并安装JDK.

[root@localhost ~]# wget http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html [root@localhost ~]# tar -xzvf jdk-*.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/jdk-*/ /usr/local/jdk

2.修改环境配置文件写入以下内容,保证下次开机配置好Java环境.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile #—————————————————————— #Java-JDK-Path export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk export JAVA_BIN=/usr/local/jdk/bin export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar export JAVA_HOME JAVA_BIN PATH CLASSPATH #—————————————————————— [root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile

3.下载并解压安装Tomcat.

[root@localhost ~]# wget http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat9.0.7.tar.gz [root@localhost ~]# tar -xzvf apache-tomcat-9.0.7.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.7/ /usr/local/tomcat

4.修改环境配置文件写入以下内容.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile #—————————————————————— #Apache-Tomcat-Path export TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat export PATH=$PATH:$TOMCAT_HOME/bin #—————————————————————— [root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile

5.赋予可执行权限,启动Tomcat,并设置成开机自启动.

[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/tomcat/bin/* [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start [root@localhost ~]# echo “/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start” >> /etc/profile

部署静态页面

1.创建一个默认目录,用来保存起始页面.

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/webindex [root@localhost ~]# echo “hello world” > /usr/local/tomcat/webindex/index.html

2.修改tomcat主配置文件,具体只需要修改两处位置即可.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080 –> <Connector port=”80″ protocol=”HTTP/1.1″ #将此处端口改为80 connectionTimeout=”20000″ redirectPort=”8443″ /> <!– A “Connector” using the shared thread pool–> <!– …… <!– Access log processes all example. Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern=”common” –> <Valve className=”org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve” directory=”logs” prefix=”localhost_access_log” suffix=”.txt” pattern=”%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b” /> <Context path=”” docBase=”/usr/local/tomcat/webindex” reloadable=”false” /> #添加本行,指定一下配置文件位置 </Host> </Engine>

3.重新启动Tomcat,稍等片刻即可完成部署.

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start

Java-war包部署

1.将War包拷入到 /usr/local/tomcat/webapps 目录下,并删除 ROOT 缓存目录.

[root@localhost ~]# cp -a *.war /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ [root@localhost ~]# rm -fr /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/*

2.编辑Tomcat主配置文件,在相应的区域中加入以下标★语句.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml </Realm> <Host name=”localhost” appBase=”webapps” unpackWARs=”true” autoDeploy=”true”> ★ <Context path=”” docBase=”war包名称.war” debug=”0″ privileged=”true”/> <!– SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html –> <!– <Valve className=”org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn” />

3.重新启动Tomcat,稍等片刻即可完成部署.

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start

Tomcat虚拟主机

基于端口虚拟主机

基于端口的虚拟主机,可以让用户通过端口号,来访问服务器上的资源,在配置虚拟网站时,基于端口的配置方式最为复杂,以下实验将实现在一台服务器上配置多个端口,搭建多个网站,每个网站使用一个端口.

1.首先在tomcat目录创建两个目录分别存放两个虚拟主机页面.

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1 [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2 [root@localhost ~]# echo “vhost1” > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1/index.html [root@localhost ~]# echo “vhost2” > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2/index.html

2.修改主配置文件,添加在server.xml,中设置两个service组件.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml <Service name=”Catalina”> <Connector port=”80″ protocol=”HTTP/1.1″ connectionTimeout=”20000″ redirectPort=”8443″ /> <Connector port=”8009″ protocol=”AJP/1.3″ redirectPort=”8443″ /> <Engine name=”Catalina” defaultHost=”localhost”> <Realm className=”org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm”> <Realm className=”org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm” resourceName=”UserDatabase”/> </Realm> <Host name=”localhost” appBase=”webapps” unpackWARs=”true” autoDeploy=”true”> <Valve className=”org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve” directory=”logs” prefix=”localhost_access_log” suffix=”.txt” pattern=”%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b” /> <Context path=”” docBase=”/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1″ reloadable=”false” /> </Host> </Engine> </Service> <Service name=”Catalina1″> <Connector port=”8080″ protocol=”HTTP/1.1″ connectionTimeout=”20000″ redirectPort=”8443″ /> <Connector port=”8009″ protocol=”AJP/1.3″ redirectPort=”8443″ /> <Engine name=”Catalina1″ defaultHost=”localhost”> <Realm className=”org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm”> <Realm className=”org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm” resourceName=”UserDatabase”/> </Realm> <Host name=”localhost” appBase=”webapps” unpackWARs=”true” autoDeploy=”true”> <Valve className=”org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve” directory=”logs” prefix=”localhost_access_log” suffix=”.txt” pattern=”%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b” /> <Context path=”” docBase=”/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2″ reloadable=”false” /> </Host> </Engine> </Service>

3.重新启动Tomcat,稍等片刻即可完成部署.

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start

基于域名虚拟主机

当服务器无法为每一个网站分配一个独立的IP的时候,可以尝试让Apache自动识别用户请求的域名,从而根据不同的域名请求来传输不同的内容,这里我们为了验证实验要手动搭建一个DNS解析,以下实验将实现在一台服务器上多个域名,搭建多个网站,每个网站使用一个域名.

1.配置域名与Ip的映射管理,这里你可以配置DNS解析,也可以直接写host文件测试.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 127.0.0.1 www.wang.com www 127.0.0.1 www.rui.com www

2.在tomcat目录创建两个目录分别存放两个虚拟主机页面.

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1 [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2 [root@localhost ~]# echo “vhost1” > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1/index.html [root@localhost ~]# echo “vhost2” > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2/index.html

3.修改server.xml主配置文件,修改以下内容即可.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml <Service name=”Catalina”> <Connector port=”80″ protocol=”HTTP/1.1″ connectionTimeout=”20000″ redirectPort=”8443″ /> <Connector port=”8009″ protocol=”AJP/1.3″ redirectPort=”8443″ /> <Engine name=”Catalina” defaultHost=”localhost”> <Realm className=”org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm”> <Realm className=”org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm” resourceName=”UserDatabase”/> </Realm> <Host name=”www.wang.com” appBase=”webapps” unpackWARs=”true” autoDeploy=”true”> <Valve className=”org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve” directory=”logs” prefix=”localhost_access_log” suffix=”.txt” pattern=”%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b” /> <Context path=”” docBase=”/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1″ reloadable=”false” /> </Host> <Host name=”www.rui.com” appBase=”webapps” unpackWARs=”true” autoDeploy=”true”> <Valve className=”org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve” directory=”logs” prefix=”localhost_access_log” suffix=”.txt” pattern=”%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b” /> <Context path=”” docBase=”/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2″ reloadable=”false” /> </Host> </Engine> </Service>

4.重新启动Tomcat,稍等片刻即可完成部署.

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start